Bringing together raptor collections in Europe for contaminant research and monitoring in relation to chemicals regulations

Raptors are good sentinels of environmental contamination and there is good capability for raptor biomonitoring in Europe. Raptor biomonitoring can benefit from natural history museums (NHMs), environmental specimen banks (ESBs) and other collections (e.g. specialist raptor specimen collections). Europe’s NHMs, ESBs and other collections hold large numbers of raptor specimens and samples, covering long periods of time. These collections are potentially a valuable resource for contaminant studies over time and space. There are strong needs to monitor contaminants in the environment to support EU and national chemical management. However, data on raptor specimens in NHMs, ESBs and other collections are dispersed, few are digitised, and they are thus not easy to access. Specimen coverage is patchy in terms of species, space and time. Contaminant research with raptors would be facilitated by creating a framework to link relevant collections, digitising all collections, developing a searchable meta-database covering all existing collections, making them more visible and accessible for contaminant research. This would also help identify gaps in coverage and stimulate specimen collection to fill gaps in support of prioritised contaminant monitoring. Collections can further support raptor biomonitoring by making samples available for analysis on request.     

臭氧氧化6-APA制药厂生化处理出水的特性及动力学简

通过现场实验研究了6-APA制药厂生化处理出水的臭氧氧化特性及其动力学规律。结果表明，当臭氧浓度为27.5 mg/L，气水接触时间为80 min时，COD、UV₂₅₄、NH₃-N和色度的去除率分别可达72.95%、73.28%、72%和96.25%，达到《发酵类制药废水工业水污染物排放标准》（GB 21903-2008）排放控制要求。拟合结果表明，在0~10、10~30和30~90 min时段内，臭氧氧化过程遵循拟一级反应，但反应速率逐渐降低。当气水接触时间为30 min时，废水可生化性可由0.1提高至0.35，采用臭氧/生物处理的联合工艺也有望使出水达到相同的排放控制要求。     

南京大气细粒子中重金属污染特征及来源解析

利用2011年1月、4月、7月和10月在南京市区和北郊采集的气溶胶样品，研究了南京大气细粒子中zn、Ph、Hg、As和cd5种重金属的污染水平，通过元素相关性分析和因子分析方法，对细粒子中这些重金属的污染来源进行了初步解析。结果表明，南京大气细粒子及其重金属污染严重，北郊普遍比市区严重；As严重超标，cd在南京北郊超标约5倍，zn在市区与北郊的质量浓度均高于其他重金属元素。每种重金属的浓度均随季节而变化。市区细粒子中，As和zn可能主要与燃煤、轮胎灰尘和建筑扬尘等有关，Pb、Hg和cd主要来自交通尘、城市垃圾焚烧等。北郊细粒子中，As、Hg和zn主要来源于燃煤、钢铁冶炼等工业，Pb和cd主要与农作物秸秆燃烧、汽车尾气、道路扬尘等影响有关。     

淮南市降水化学组成特征与来源分析

2013—2014年,逐次采集淮南城市大气降水样品,对其离子化学组分进行分析测试,并利用酸度分析、中和因子和富集系数等方法对其酸碱物质平衡和离子来源进行了分析。化学组分分析结果表明,淮南城市降水pH为6.23~7.03,雨量加权平均值为6.68,整体上降水没有呈现酸化,大部分酸性物质能被碱性物质中和。主要阴离子为SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-,雨量加权平均值分别为147.02、62.16μeq/L,两者分别占阴离子总浓度的60.3%、25.3%;主要阳离子为Ca~(2+)、NH_4~+,雨量加权平均值分别为126.42、96.43μeq/L,分别占阳离子总浓度的44.9%、34.3%。利用富集系数法计算结果表明,SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-主要来源于人为活动排放,Cl~-主要为海洋输入,而Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、K~+则主要来自陆源输入和人为活动。     

Comparative research on NIMBY risk acceptability between Chinese and Japanese college students

Along with the progressive acceleration of urbanization, the need to identify potentially troublesome “Not In My Back Yard” (NIMBY) facilities in the city is inevitable. To resolve NIMBY conflict, it is important to know people’s NIMBY risk acceptability for these facilities. A questionnaire survey was used among Chinese and Japanese college students to identify NIMBY risk acceptability. LISREL was used to construct a structural equation model to analyze the difference in NIMBY risk acceptability between the Chinese and Japanese college students. Factors that may affect NIMBY risk acceptability were analyzed: “perceiving utility,” “perceiving risk,” “trust in government,” “reasonable compensation,” and “procedural justice.” The findings show that Japanese students’ concerns were greater than Chinese students’ concerns. Perceiving utility and perceiving risk were the most important factors that affect people’s NIMBY risk acceptability, followed by procedural justice, trust in government, and reasonable compensation. There is a difference between the different cultural backgrounds in confronting the risk: Chinese students focus more on the reputation and value of real estate, while Japanese students pay more attention to environmental pollution and damage to health. Furthermore, cultural influences play a role in students’ risk perception. To improve the risk acceptability for NIMBY facilities and provide a basis for resolving NIMBY conflicts, it is necessary to ensure the benefits of the NIMBY facility while reducing environmental pollution. The findings of this study may be of interest for policy makers and practitioners to devise future NIMBY strategies.     

烟气脱硫溶液中硫酸根的去除

分别采用石灰乳化学沉淀法和低温结晶法去除烟气脱硫溶液中的SO42-。实验结果表明：在室温、CaO溶液质量分数25%的条件下，石灰乳化学沉淀法对SO42-的去除率仅为59.51%，且向溶液中引入了Ca2+，产生的硫酸钙固体废物难以再生利用；采用低温结晶法处理烟气脱硫溶液，在结晶温度7 ℃、结晶时间3 h、NaOH加入量34.8 g/L的条件下，SO42-的去除率为82.04%、滤液中的ρ（Na+）为3.88 g/L。在现场工业应用试验中，采用低温结晶法去除烟气脱硫溶液中的SO42-，平均SO42-的去除率可达70.00%以上，滤液中的ρ（Na+）小于15.00 g/L。该法可有效抑制烟气脱硫溶液中SO42-含量的增加。     

MBR在橡胶废水处理中的应用

橡胶废水具有含盐量高、色度高、有机污染成分含量高且难于生化降解等特点。膜生物反应器(MBR)技术的核心是生化处理加微滤膜过滤,通过将MBR技术应用于橡胶废水处理的实践表明,该技术对COD、氨氮、磷酸盐的平均去除率都达到了85%以上,再辅之以药剂处理后,降低了色度和难降解有机物含量,出水水质完全符合排放标准的要求,是一种解决橡胶污水处理难题的有效途径。     

表面铜螯合磁性二氧化硅固定化漆酶及其催化降解水中2，4-二氯酚

利用磁性二氧化硅表面接枝的聚丙烯酰胺络合Cu2＋离子，制备了表面铜螯合磁性SiO：材料，采用傅立叶红外光谱（FT．IR），X射线衍射（XRD）对该磁性材料进行了表征，并通过配位作用固定化漆酶，考察了其对水中2，4-二氯酚（2，4-DCP）的催化降解效能及主要影响因素。结果表明，表面铜螯合磁性SiO：固定化漆酶对2，4-DCP具有较好的催化降解效能，利用8g／L固定化漆酶催化降解50mL初始浓度为24．25mg／L的2，4-DCP，反应12h2，4-DCP去除率达91％；当pH值在3．0～6．0范围内时，2，4-DCP的去除率随反应pH值的增加而升高；2，4-DCP初始浓度在14．39～257．6mg／L范围内时，反应12h，2，4-DCP的去除率均达85％以上；给酶量增加促进2，4-DCP的去除，但过多的给酶量导致单位质量固定化漆酶催化降解2，4-DCP的速率下降；水中硫酸根离子对固定化漆酶催化降解2，4-DCP具有明显的促进作用，而碳酸氢根离子明显抑制反应的进行。     

利用污泥进行水体中重金属生物吸附研究现状及展望

对国内外利用废水处理等工业过程中所产生的污泥作为生物吸附剂吸附水体中重金属的研究现状进行了综述和分析，包括其预处理技术、反应机理、主要影响因素、处理效果以及反应器工艺等。同时，对该技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望，指出依托现有废水处理设施进行集约化开发将是该工艺的发展方向。     

Efficient mineralization of gaseous benzyl chloride by VUV/UV photodegradation in humid air

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - VUV/UV photodegradation technology, which is free of catalysts or oxidants, has been regarded as an efficient method to decompose gaseous VOCs....